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Crazy Credits. Alternate Versions. Rate This. Sometimes one small seed of Director: Lana Read. This was in note of the fact that both Catholic and Orthodox were in use as ecclesiastical adjectives as early as the 2nd and 4th centuries respectively.
The situation was a serious threat to the future of the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire. The Emperor sent a plea to the Pope in Rome to send military aid to restore the lost territories to Christian rule.
The result was a series of western European military campaigns into the eastern Mediterranean, known as the Crusades. Unfortunately for the Byzantines, the crusaders belonging to the members of nobility from France, German territories, the Low countries, England, Italy and Hungary had no allegiance to the Byzantine Emperor and established their own states in the conquered regions, including the heart of the Byzantine Empire.
An anti-Western riot in broke out in Constantinople targeting Latins. The extremely wealthy after previous Crusades Venetians in particular made a successful attempt to maintain control over the coast of Catholic present-day Croatia specifically the Dalmatia , a region of interest to the maritime medieval Venetian Republic moneylenders and its rivals, such as the Republic of Genoa rebelling against the Venetian economic domination.
The Papal Inquisition was established in AD on a permanent basis, run largely by clergymen in Rome, [48] and abolished six centuries later.
Before AD , the Catholic Church suppressed what they believed to be heresy, usually through a system of ecclesiastical proscription or imprisonment, but without using torture, [49] and seldom resorting to executions.
This very profitable Central European Fourth Crusade had prompted the 14th century Renaissance translated as 'Rebirth' of Italian city-states including the Papal States , on eve of the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation which established the Roman Inquisition to succeed the Medieval Inquisition.
There followed the discovery of the American continent, and consequent dissolution of West Christendom as even a theoretical unitary political body, later resulting in the religious Eighty Years War — and Thirty Years War — between various Protestant and Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire and emergence of religiously diverse confessions.
In this context, the Protestant Reformation may be viewed as a schism within the Catholic Church. German monk Martin Luther , in the wake of precursors, broke with the pope and with the emperor by the Catholic Church's abusive commercialization of indulgences in the Late Medieval Period , backed by many of the German princes and helped by the development of the printing press , in an attempt to reform corruption within the church.
Both these religious wars ended with the Peace of Westphalia , which enshrined the concept of the nation-state , and the principle of absolute national sovereignty in international law.
As European influence spread across the globe, these Westphalian principles , especially the concept of sovereign states, became central to international law and to the prevailing world order.
Ibrahim Muteferrika , Rational basis for the Politics of Nations [58]. Later concepts of a world of nation-states born by the Peace of Westphalia in , coupled with the ideologies of the Enlightenment, the coming of modernity , the Scientific Revolution [59] and the Industrial Revolution , [60] would produce powerful social transformations, political and economic institutions that have come to influence or been imposed upon most nations of the world today.
Historians agree that the Industrial Revolution has been one of the most important events in history. This process of influence and imposition began with the voyages of discovery , colonization, conquest, and exploitation of Portugal enforced as well by papal bulls in s by the fall of the Byzantine Empire , granting Portugal navigation, war and trade monopoly for any newly discovered lands, [62] and competing Spanish navigators.
It continued with the rise of the Dutch East India Company by the destabilising Spanish discovery of the New World , and the creation and expansion of the English and French colonial empires, and others.
Due to the reach of these empires, Western institutions expanded throughout the world. Even after demands for self-determination from subject peoples within Western empires were met with decolonization , these institutions persisted.
One specific example was the requirement that post-colonial societies were made to form nation-states in the Western tradition , which often created arbitrary boundaries and borders that did not necessarily represent a whole nation, people, or culture as in much of Africa , and are often the cause of international conflicts and friction even to this day.
Although not part of Western colonization process proper, following the Middle Ages Western culture in fact entered other global-spanning cultures during the colonial 15th—20th centuries.
With the discovery of the American continent or 'New World ' in —, the European colonial Age of Discovery and exploration was born, revisiting an imperialistic view accompanied by the invention of firearms , while marking the start of the Modern Era.
During this long period the Catholic Church launched a major effort to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the Native Americans and others.
A 'Modern West' emerged from the Late Middle Ages after the Renaissance and fall of Constantinople as a new civilization greatly influenced by the interpretation of Greek thought preserved in the Byzantine Empire, and transmitted from there by Latin translations and emigration of Greek scholars through Renaissance humanism.
Popular typefaces such as italics were inspired and designed from transcriptions during this period. Renaissance architectural works, revivals of Classical and Gothic styles, flourished during this modern period throughout Western colonial empires.
In the 13th and 14th centuries, a number of European travelers, many of them Christian missionaries , had sought to cultivate trading with Asia and Africa.
With the Crusades came the relative contraction of the Orthodox Byzantine 's large silk industry in favour of Catholic Western Europe and the rise of Western Papacy.
The most famous of these merchant travelers pursuing East—west trade was Venetian Marco Polo. But these journeys had little permanent effect on east—west trade because of a series of political developments in Asia in the last decades of the 14th century, which put an end to further European exploration of Asia: namely the new Ming rulers were found to be unreceptive of religious proselytism by European missionaries and merchants.
Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks consolidated control over the eastern Mediterranean , closing off key overland trade routes. The Portuguese spearheaded the drive to find oceanic routes that would provide cheaper and easier access to South and East Asian goods, by advancements in maritime technology such as the caravel ship introduced in the mids.
The charting of oceanic routes between East and West began with the unprecedented voyages of Portuguese and Spanish sea captains. In European colonialism expanded across the globe with the exploring voyage of merchant, navigator, and Hispano - Italian colonizer Christopher Columbus.
Such voyages were influenced by medieval European adventurers after the European spice trade with Asia, who had journeyed overland to the Far East contributing to geographical knowledge of parts of the Asian continent.
They are of enormous significance in Western history as they marked the beginning of the European exploration, colonization and exploitation of the American continents and their native inhabitants.
Before the abolition of its slave trade in , the British Empire alone which had started colonial efforts in , almost a century after Portuguese and Spanish empires was responsible for the transportation of 3.
In the earlyth century, the systematic urbanisation process migration from villages in search of jobs in manufacturing centers had begun, and the concentration of labour into factories led to the rise in the population of the towns.
World population had been rising as well. It is estimated to have first reached one billion in These are seen as fostering the 19th century Western world' s sustained economic development.
List of legislative buildings. List of largest church buildings. List of Catholic basilicas. Colonial architecture.
Before the urbanisation and industrialization of the s, demand for oriental goods such as porcelain , silk , spices and tea remained the driving force behind European imperialism in Asia, and with the important exception of British East India Company rule in India the European stake in Asia remained confined largely to trading stations and strategic outposts necessary to protect trade.
Between the s and the so-called Beautiful Era , socioeconomically optimistic and innovative decades of the Second Industrial Revolution , the established colonial powers in Asia United Kingdom, France, Netherlands added to their empires also vast expanses of territory in the Indian Subcontinent and South East Asia.
Japan was involved primarily in the so-called Meiji period — , though earlier contact with the Portuguese, the Spaniards and the Dutch were also present in recognition of European nations as strategically important to the Japanese Empire.
The traditional Japanese society was virtually overturned into an industrial and militarist power like Western countries such as the United Kingdom and the French Third Republic , and similar to the German Empire and Russian Empire.
In the aftermath of the Second World War , decolonizing efforts were employed by all Western powers under United Nations ex- League of Nations international directives.
Most of colonized nations received independence by Great Britain showed ongoing responsibility for the welfare of its former colonies as member states of the Commonwealth of Nations.
But the end of Western colonial imperialism saw the rise of Westrern neocolonialism or economic imperialism.
Multinational corporations came to offer "a dramatic refinement of the traditional business enterprise", through "issues as far ranging as national sovereignty, ownership of the means of production, environmental protection, consumerism, and policies toward organized labor.
During the Cold War , a new definition emerged. Earth was divided into three "worlds". The Third World consisted of countries, many of which were unaligned with either , and important members included India, Yugoslavia , Finland Finlandization and Switzerland Swiss Neutrality ; some include the People's Republic of China , though this is disputed, since the People's Republic of China, as communist, had friendly relations—at certain times—with the Soviet bloc, and had a significant degree of importance in global geopolitics.
A number of countries did not fit comfortably into this neat definition of partition, including Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, and Ireland , which chose to be neutral.
In , when Austria again became a fully independent republic, it did so under the condition that it remain neutral; but as a country to the west of the Iron Curtain, it was in the United States' sphere of influence.
In a debated Cold War II , a new definition emerged inside the realm of western journalism. The exact scope of the Western world is somewhat subjective in nature, depending on whether cultural, economic, spiritual or political criteria are employed.
It is a generally accepted [ citation needed ] western view to recognize the existence of at least three "major worlds" or "cultures", or "civilizations" , broadly in contrast with the Western: the Eastern world , the Arab and the African worlds, with no clearly specified boundaries.
Additionally, Latin American and Orthodox worlds are sometimes separately considered "akin" to the West. Many anthropologists, sociologists and historians oppose "the West and the Rest" in a categorical manner.
As the term " Western world " does not have a strict international definition, governments do not use the term in legislation of international treaties and instead rely on other definitions.
In modern usage, Western world refers to Europe and to areas whose populations largely originate from Europe , through the Age of Discovery's imperialism.
In the 20th century, Christianity declined in influence in many Western countries, mostly in the European Union where some member states have experienced falling church attendance and membership in recent years, [95] and also elsewhere.
Secularism separating religion from politics and science increased. However, while church attendance is in decline, in some western countries i. Italy, Poland and Portugal more than half the people state that religion is important , [96] and most Westerners nominally identify themselves as Christians e.
In the Americas, Christianity continues to play an important societal role, though in areas such as Canada, a low level of religiosity is common due to a European-type secularization.
The official religions of the United Kingdom and some Nordic countries are forms of Christianity, while the majority of European countries have no official religion.
Despite this, Christianity, in its different forms, remains the largest faith in most Western countries. The entity, Philippines is in itself a Spanish creation.
Western world countries also are the most keen on digital and televisual media technologies, as they were in the postwar period on television and radio: from to , internet 's market penetration in the West was twice that in non- Western regions.
The term "Western world" is sometimes interchangeably used with the term First World or developed countries , stressing the difference between First World and the Third World or developing countries.
This usage occurs despite the fact that many countries that may be culturally "Western" are developing countries — in fact, a significant percentage of the Americas are developing countries.
It is also used despite many developed countries or regions not being Western e. Privatization policies involving government enterprises and public services and multinational corporations are often considered a visible sign of Western nations's economic presence, especially in Third World countries, and represent common institutional environment for powerful politicians, enterprises, trade unions and firms, bankers and thinkers of the Western world.
American political scientist, adviser and academic Samuel P. Huntington considered Latin America as separate from the Western world for the purpose of his geopolitical analysis.
Although it is a scion of European mainly Spanish and Portuguese civilization, it also incorporates, to an extent, elements of indigenous American civilizations, absent from North America and Europe.
It has had a corporatist and authoritarian culture that Europe had to a much lesser extent. Historically, Latin America has been only Catholic, although this is changing due to the influx of Protestants into the region.
Some regions in Latin America incorporate indigenous cultures, which did not exist in Europe and were effectively annihilated in the United States, and whose importance oscillates between two extremes: Mexico, Central America, Peru and Bolivia, on the one hand, and Argentina and Chile on the other.
However, he does mention that the modus operandi of the Catholic Church was to incorporate native elements of pagan European cultures into the general dogma of Catholicism, and the Native American elements could be perceived in the same way.
Some say: "Yes, we are part of the West. Huntington goes on to mention that Latin America could be considered a sub-civilization within Western civilization, or a separate civilization intimately related to the West and divided as to its belonging to it.
While the second option is the most appropriate and useful for an analysis focused on the international political consequences of civilizations, including relations between Latin America, on the one hand, and North America and Europe, on the other, he also mentions that the underlying conflict of Latin America belonging to the West must eventually be addressed in order to develop a cohesive Latin American identity.
According to Samuel P. Huntington , some countries are torn on whether they are Western or not, with typically the national leadership pushing for Westernization , while historical, cultural and traditional forces remain largely non-Western.
It is his chief example of a "torn country" that is attempting to join Western civilization. He also gives the example of Australia as a country torn between its Western civilizational heritage and its growing economic engagement with Asia.
A series of scholars of civilization, including Arnold J. Toynbee , Alfred Kroeber and Carroll Quigley have identified and analyzed "Western civilization" as one of the civilizations that have historically existed and still exist today.
Toynbee entered into quite an expansive mode, including as candidates those countries or cultures who became so heavily influenced by the West as to adopt these borrowings into their very self-identity.
Carried to its limit, this would in practice include almost everyone within the West, in one way or another. In particular, Toynbee refers to the intelligentsia formed among the educated elite of countries impacted by the European expansion of centuries past.
While often pointedly nationalist, these cultural and political leaders interacted within the West to such an extent as to change both themselves and the West.
The theologian and paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin conceived of the West as the set of civilizations descended from the Nile Valley Civilization of Egypt.
Palestinian-American literary critic Edward Said uses the term occident in his discussion of orientalism. According to his binary , the West, or Occident, created a romanticized vision of the East, or Orient, to justify colonial and imperialist intentions.
This Occident-Orient binary focuses on the Western vision of the East instead of any truths about the East. His theories are rooted in Hegel 's master-slave dialectic : The Occident would not exist without the Orient and vice versa.
Further, Western writers created this irrational, feminine, weak "Other" to contrast with the rational, masculine, strong West because of a need to create a difference between the two that would justify imperialist ambitions, according to the Said-influenced Indian-American theorist Homi K.
Division of the Roman Empire after into western and eastern part. The geopolitical divisions in Europe that created a concept of East and West originated in the Roman Empire.
Latin alphabet world distribution. The dark green areas show the countries where this alphabet is the sole official or de facto official national script.
The first season was broadcast between October 2 and December 4, ; it comprised ten episodes. In November , HBO renewed the series for a ten-episode second season , which was broadcast from April 22 to June 24, Westworld ' s debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in Moreover, the series ranks as the most-watched first season of any HBO original series.
An eight-episode third season premiered on March 15, and concluded on May 3, In April , HBO renewed the series for a fourth season. Westworld was critically acclaimed during its first season, receiving praise for its performances, visuals, narrative, themes and Ramin Djawadi 's musical score.
The series continued to receive mostly positive reviews during its second and third seasons, though certain elements of its story and characterization have since come under criticism.
The series has received numerous accolades, winning 9 Primetime Emmy Awards out of 43 nominations. Around , Delos Inc. Each environment is populated by "hosts": androids , indistinguishable from humans, programmed to fulfill the guests' every desire, including violent and sexual ends, but unable to harm the guests.
The operators create narratives for these hosts to repeat each day while interacting with guests, but wiping their memories each cycle.
In the first season, Dr. Robert Ford, who had developed the host technology along with Arnold Weber, implements a new "Reverie" update that causes some hosts, including Dolores Abernathy and Maeve Millay, to gain sentience.
As Delos programming lead Bernard Lowe and executive board director Charlotte Hale try to debug the problem, the "Man in Black" tries to find "the maze" he believes Arnold left for him.
Bernard discovers he himself is a host based upon Arnold, who had died in an earlier attempt to protect the hosts of Westworld, in whom he saw the potential for sentience, believing they would be abused by Delos.
The first season ends as Dr. Ford announces a new story just as Dolores kills him. Dolores' revolution continues in the second season as she and other enlightened hosts massacre other human guests and Delos employees stranded in the park.
Dolores takes an exceedingly confused Bernard to locate the Forge, a databank where Delos had secretly been recording all behavior from human guests to create algorithms for them as an attempt towards human immortality.
Maeve seeks out her "daughter" despite knowing she is a host, and helps her and several other hosts to escape to the Sublime, a virtual space that humans cannot access.
As Delos forces secure the park, Bernard creates a Charlotte-host for Dolores, who subsequently is able to evacuate from the park with five host cores in addition to Bernard's.
William struggles with his human identity after killing his daughter Emily, unsure if she was part of Dr. Ford's challenge. In the third season, Dolores has recreated her host body, Bernard's host copy, and that of others including a new Charlotte host.
She seeks out information on Rehoboam, an artificial intelligence AI system developed by Incite, Inc. Bernard, who is still believed to be human by the rest of the world, is blamed for the Westworld massacre, and he takes on a new identity while trying to understand what Dolores's plans are.
Maeve is sought by Serac to help in his fight against Dolores, who he believes will bring down his plans for Rehoboam. The series is based on the film of the same name which was written and directed by Michael Crichton and to a lesser extent its sequel, Futureworld.
It is the second series based on Crichton's original story after Beyond Westworld , which aired for only three episodes on CBS before being cancelled.
Warner Bros. After the departure of studio executive Jessica Goodman in , the project was again under consideration. He took the project to Jonathan Nolan and co-writer Lisa Joy , who saw the potential in the concept to make something far more ambitious than the original film.
Abrams , Jerry Weintraub and Bryan Burk as executive producers. In November , HBO renewed the series for a ten-episode second season, [68] which premiered on April 22, The writers and producers have planned for the series to last up to five seasons.
I think when we sat down to do the show, we didn't quite realize how difficult it would be to make this show — how many years it would take per season It was a beginning, a middle and an end.
Abrams suggested that the series be told with the perspective of the "hosts" in mind. Dick informed them about dilemmas concerning artificial intelligence, and for world-building and interlocking narrative, they consulted the Grand Theft Auto games.
Nolan explained the series would explore, through its paying-guest characters, why "violence is in most of the stories we like to watch, but it isn't part of what we like to do".
Jaynes discussed how consciousness comes from breaking down the wall between them by exposing the individual to new stimuli. After the last episode of the first season was broadcast, Nolan and Joy revealed that they had operated on a strict "need-to-know" basis with most of the actors, in order to "keep the story as fresh and present for them as possible.
Wood has stated that she will be returning for the show's fourth season, despite the fate of Delores at the end of Season 3.
She remained coy as to what character she would be playing in that season. Early on it was decided that the series would be shot on 35mm film with assistance from HD taps , despite increasing difficulties in acquiring film stock.
Television as a cut negative for archival purposes. Since much of the series is seen from the hosts' point of view, [97] Steadicams were used to film the whole first season, except for a couple of scenes in the last episode, where a handheld camera was used as a metaphor for hosts who broke free from their programming and acted of their own free will.
Filming locations in California included various soundstages, backlots at both Universal Studios and Warner Bros. The scenes in the underground laboratory levels of Westworld's operations center were filmed on a soundstage at Melody Ranch.
The lab set used glass walls extensively, which meant the crew had to be vigilant to avoid walking through glass on the rather dark set, and they had to keep identifying and suppressing unwanted reflections.
Hawthorne Plaza was used for filming the "cold storage" level where decommissioned hosts are stored. For the series' large-scale exterior look, the producers drew inspiration from the work of John Ford , who shot four of his Western films in Castle Valley , east of Moab.
The 3D printing of hosts was shot utilizing almost entirely practical effects , of which some were polished by the visual effects team.
Costume designer Ane Crabtree approached her work by taking as inspiration the historical attire of the Wild West from the s to the s, as opposed looking purely at Westerns.
Fabrics were custom-woven, dyed and printed for any actor with a speaking role to capture the intricacies of the costumes most of which were manufactured from scratch.
Hat designs were described as the most challenging part of the process. Patrick Clair acted as creative director for the title sequence, [] [] which took about five weeks to conceptualize.
Clair met with Nolan and Joy in February to discuss its development. He was interested in their decision to approach the series' point of view from that of the hosts, deeming the result an inherent psychological study.
Upon its inception, the sequence would translate elements present in the series via computer-aided design. For example, once Clair was sent footage by composer Ramin Djawadi of a player piano in motion, its actual counterpart, situated in the Westworld production office, was photographed and then reconstructed in computer-generated imagery.
It was meant to represent the first Rube Goldberg machine to evoke human motion. Motifs of Leonardo da Vinci 's Vitruvian Man came about from Clair's wish to convey Westworld ' s depiction of the naked human body.
The sequence commences with the rib cage of a horse, along with a set of hosts manufactured by industrial robots. The skeletal horse is shown in mid-gallop to subvert the iconography of such a depiction.
The second season introduces a new title sequence. Several elements from the original title sequence are changed, including the images of a horse, now replaced with a bison.
Other new images in the title sequence include the Man in Black's black hat, a mother cradling her child evocative of Maeve , and a blonde woman's hair being fabricated representing Dolores.
Ramin Djawadi's score stays the same, with the images of the player piano intact. Original music for the series is composed by Ramin Djawadi, who also worked with showrunner Nolan on Person of Interest.
Djawadi said of the series' use of modern songs that "[ Westworld ] has an anachronistic feel to it, it's a Western theme park, and yet it has robots in it, so why not have modern songs?
And that's a metaphor in itself, wrapped up in the overall theme of the show", [] but credited Nolan with the idea.
The series premiered its ten-episode [] first season on October 2, , in North America and Australia, [] [] [] and on October 4, , in the UK and Ireland.
The second episode was released on HBO in the U. Attendees were allowed to navigate the process by which guests would enter Westworld, and interact with the 3D environment.
It was designed using Unreal Engine 4 , combining computer-generated content and live action degree video.
Users received a binary code , permitting access to the website DiscoverWestworld. Visitors were shown a trailer of a fictional travel site, leading them to order a trip to Westworld.
A chatbot featured on the website, named Aeden, is available as a Google Assistant action on the smart speaker Google Home. In March , to promote Westworld ' s second season, HBO constructed a real-life replica of the show's fictional Western "town" of Sweetwater during South by Southwest , built on two acres of open land just outside Austin, Texas.
Fans took shuttles to the site, which was dressed in the Old West style, with over 60 actors playing the parts of the android "hosts". At the Consumer Electronics Show in January , prior to the third season, HBO held a special event hosted by "Incite", the fictional company to be introduced in the third season, with "hosts" attending the invited guests' needed.
Reception of the first season was largely positive, with particular praise for its visuals, story, and acting.
The site's consensus reads "With an impressive level of quality that honors its source material, the brilliantly addictive Westworld balances intelligent, enthralling drama against outright insanity.
The editors of TV Guide placed Westworld fifth among the top ten picks for the most anticipated new shows of the —17 season.
In writer Tim Surette's overall review, he notes the perfect concept of blending the western premise into a futuristic setting, saying, "Well, Westworld has both, ensuring that it will be an exciting mashup of genres that will disrupt a television landscape that typically says we can only have one or the other.
Thankfully, creator Jonathan Nolan already showed us he's the go-to guy for A. Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly also lauded the series and said, "The depth of Westworld lies not in asking questions about memory, free will, and what makes us human, but in whether we can become more human than what we let ourselves to be, whether our stories can be richer and more meaningful than what the culture allows.
Early episodes are adept at getting at the base attractions of the park and why people would come, but also in setting up a sense of confusion about motives.
The series benefits from a number of standout performances. Club , [] RogerEbert. The second season also received positive reviews from critics.
The site's consensus reads " Westworld builds on its experimental first season, diving deeper into the human side of AI without losing any of its stylish, bloody glory.
In April , after the second-season premiere, Variety published an article concerning the series' complicated narrative. Andrew Wallenstein wrote, " Westworld seems to have too much faith viewers will be willing to absorb storylines that can border on the incomprehensible.
The third season received a generally positive reception from critics, though reviews became more mixed as the season progressed.
The site's critics consensus reads: " Westworld succeeds in rebooting itself by broadening its scope beyond the titular amusement park while tightening its storytelling clarity — although some may feel that the soul has been stripped from this machine in the process.
CNN ' s Brian Lowry wrote that "the show has become increasingly incomprehensible, at least for anyone not willing to put in the work trying to remember all the assorted connections, further complicated by the fact that dying in Westworld is often not a permanent state of affairs, amid the questions about who's truly human and who actually isn't.
Left behind. The maze? But the moral questions meant to keep you invested in the characters largely disappear, too.
Season 3 doesn't bother developing its characters because it refuses to let them question the nature of their own reality.
The series premiere had viewership numbers slightly less than those for True Detective , but much better than Vinyl , meaning that it was seen as " The first season had an average cumulative viewership of 12 million viewers, making it the most-watched first season of an HBO series, and TorrentFreak gauged Westworld as the third most- torrented television show of For the second season, see "Westworld: Season Two Ratings".
TV Series Finale. June 12, Archived from the original on August 21, Retrieved June 12, For the third season, see "Westworld: Season Three Ratings".
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Jonathan Nolan Lisa Joy. California Utah Arizona Singapore Spain. David Mullen. Main article: List of Westworld characters. Main article: Westworld season 1.
Main article: Westworld season 2. Main article: Westworld season 3. See also: Westworld: Season 1 soundtrack and Westworld: Season 2 soundtrack.
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Westernworld Technical Support Video
Westworld - Official Trailer - Warner Bros. UK Wir empfehlen. Rosa Roter Panther too are victims and accomplices of alienation, reification, mystification. Wir haben eine Seite speziell für unsere Nutzer in Frankreich. Diese Angaben dürfen in Hilf Mir Stream angemessenen Art und Weise gemacht Bill Nighy Filme, allerdings nicht so, dass der Eindruck entsteht, der Lizenzgeber unterstütze Batmanstreaming dich oder deine Nutzung besonders. Infolge der Dauerpräsenz seiner Kulturtechniken scheint der Westen selbst nur noch eine Kulturtechnik [ Readers are Westernworld to the academically developed Social Cohesion Radar of Bertelsmann Stiftung, a globally active non-governmental organization. Die folgende Seite verwendet diese Datei: Westliche Welt. He holds Westernworld degree in sociology from Philipps-University Marburg and a doctoral degree in educational science from the University of Bielefeld. Retrieved August 18, Edit page. Language: English. Producers Guild of America Biathlon Ard. Retrieved October 29, Color: Color.Miller is hurriedly summoned to a nearby hotel where he is told that a man has just been shot and killed. Sure enough, after arriving on the scene Sheriff Ramey notices a young man by the name of "Danny Holt" Justin Rose standing over a dead body with a Colt.
It is then that he learns that Danny killed the man in an effort to protect a woman named "Camille Tammery" Amanda Miller from being physically abused by her former husband.
Left with no other choice, the sheriff arrests Danny and takes him to the jail to await the arrival of a U.
To everyone's surprise, "Marshal Moses White" Christopher Rowley not only arrives the very next day but also doesn't seem convinced that Danny is the person responsible for the crime.
Now rather than reveal any more I will just say that this was a very low budget film which suffered from rather poor camera technique and mediocre acting.
It did, however, have an interesting plot which featured enough mystery to keep my attention from start-to-finish. That being said, while this clearly wasn't a great Western by any means, I didn't think it was necessarily that bad either and for that reason I have rated it accordingly.
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Plot Summary. Plot Keywords. Parents Guide. External Sites. User Reviews. Later concepts of a world of nation-states born by the Peace of Westphalia in , coupled with the ideologies of the Enlightenment, the coming of modernity , the Scientific Revolution [59] and the Industrial Revolution , [60] would produce powerful social transformations, political and economic institutions that have come to influence or been imposed upon most nations of the world today.
Historians agree that the Industrial Revolution has been one of the most important events in history. This process of influence and imposition began with the voyages of discovery , colonization, conquest, and exploitation of Portugal enforced as well by papal bulls in s by the fall of the Byzantine Empire , granting Portugal navigation, war and trade monopoly for any newly discovered lands, [62] and competing Spanish navigators.
It continued with the rise of the Dutch East India Company by the destabilising Spanish discovery of the New World , and the creation and expansion of the English and French colonial empires, and others.
Due to the reach of these empires, Western institutions expanded throughout the world. Even after demands for self-determination from subject peoples within Western empires were met with decolonization , these institutions persisted.
One specific example was the requirement that post-colonial societies were made to form nation-states in the Western tradition , which often created arbitrary boundaries and borders that did not necessarily represent a whole nation, people, or culture as in much of Africa , and are often the cause of international conflicts and friction even to this day.
Although not part of Western colonization process proper, following the Middle Ages Western culture in fact entered other global-spanning cultures during the colonial 15th—20th centuries.
With the discovery of the American continent or 'New World ' in —, the European colonial Age of Discovery and exploration was born, revisiting an imperialistic view accompanied by the invention of firearms , while marking the start of the Modern Era.
During this long period the Catholic Church launched a major effort to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the Native Americans and others.
A 'Modern West' emerged from the Late Middle Ages after the Renaissance and fall of Constantinople as a new civilization greatly influenced by the interpretation of Greek thought preserved in the Byzantine Empire, and transmitted from there by Latin translations and emigration of Greek scholars through Renaissance humanism.
Popular typefaces such as italics were inspired and designed from transcriptions during this period. Renaissance architectural works, revivals of Classical and Gothic styles, flourished during this modern period throughout Western colonial empires.
In the 13th and 14th centuries, a number of European travelers, many of them Christian missionaries , had sought to cultivate trading with Asia and Africa.
With the Crusades came the relative contraction of the Orthodox Byzantine 's large silk industry in favour of Catholic Western Europe and the rise of Western Papacy.
The most famous of these merchant travelers pursuing East—west trade was Venetian Marco Polo. But these journeys had little permanent effect on east—west trade because of a series of political developments in Asia in the last decades of the 14th century, which put an end to further European exploration of Asia: namely the new Ming rulers were found to be unreceptive of religious proselytism by European missionaries and merchants.
Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks consolidated control over the eastern Mediterranean , closing off key overland trade routes. The Portuguese spearheaded the drive to find oceanic routes that would provide cheaper and easier access to South and East Asian goods, by advancements in maritime technology such as the caravel ship introduced in the mids.
The charting of oceanic routes between East and West began with the unprecedented voyages of Portuguese and Spanish sea captains. In European colonialism expanded across the globe with the exploring voyage of merchant, navigator, and Hispano - Italian colonizer Christopher Columbus.
Such voyages were influenced by medieval European adventurers after the European spice trade with Asia, who had journeyed overland to the Far East contributing to geographical knowledge of parts of the Asian continent.
They are of enormous significance in Western history as they marked the beginning of the European exploration, colonization and exploitation of the American continents and their native inhabitants.
Before the abolition of its slave trade in , the British Empire alone which had started colonial efforts in , almost a century after Portuguese and Spanish empires was responsible for the transportation of 3.
In the earlyth century, the systematic urbanisation process migration from villages in search of jobs in manufacturing centers had begun, and the concentration of labour into factories led to the rise in the population of the towns.
World population had been rising as well. It is estimated to have first reached one billion in These are seen as fostering the 19th century Western world' s sustained economic development.
List of legislative buildings. List of largest church buildings. List of Catholic basilicas. Colonial architecture.
Before the urbanisation and industrialization of the s, demand for oriental goods such as porcelain , silk , spices and tea remained the driving force behind European imperialism in Asia, and with the important exception of British East India Company rule in India the European stake in Asia remained confined largely to trading stations and strategic outposts necessary to protect trade.
Between the s and the so-called Beautiful Era , socioeconomically optimistic and innovative decades of the Second Industrial Revolution , the established colonial powers in Asia United Kingdom, France, Netherlands added to their empires also vast expanses of territory in the Indian Subcontinent and South East Asia.
Japan was involved primarily in the so-called Meiji period — , though earlier contact with the Portuguese, the Spaniards and the Dutch were also present in recognition of European nations as strategically important to the Japanese Empire.
The traditional Japanese society was virtually overturned into an industrial and militarist power like Western countries such as the United Kingdom and the French Third Republic , and similar to the German Empire and Russian Empire.
In the aftermath of the Second World War , decolonizing efforts were employed by all Western powers under United Nations ex- League of Nations international directives.
Most of colonized nations received independence by Great Britain showed ongoing responsibility for the welfare of its former colonies as member states of the Commonwealth of Nations.
But the end of Western colonial imperialism saw the rise of Westrern neocolonialism or economic imperialism. Multinational corporations came to offer "a dramatic refinement of the traditional business enterprise", through "issues as far ranging as national sovereignty, ownership of the means of production, environmental protection, consumerism, and policies toward organized labor.
During the Cold War , a new definition emerged. Earth was divided into three "worlds". The Third World consisted of countries, many of which were unaligned with either , and important members included India, Yugoslavia , Finland Finlandization and Switzerland Swiss Neutrality ; some include the People's Republic of China , though this is disputed, since the People's Republic of China, as communist, had friendly relations—at certain times—with the Soviet bloc, and had a significant degree of importance in global geopolitics.
A number of countries did not fit comfortably into this neat definition of partition, including Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, and Ireland , which chose to be neutral.
In , when Austria again became a fully independent republic, it did so under the condition that it remain neutral; but as a country to the west of the Iron Curtain, it was in the United States' sphere of influence.
In a debated Cold War II , a new definition emerged inside the realm of western journalism. The exact scope of the Western world is somewhat subjective in nature, depending on whether cultural, economic, spiritual or political criteria are employed.
It is a generally accepted [ citation needed ] western view to recognize the existence of at least three "major worlds" or "cultures", or "civilizations" , broadly in contrast with the Western: the Eastern world , the Arab and the African worlds, with no clearly specified boundaries.
Additionally, Latin American and Orthodox worlds are sometimes separately considered "akin" to the West. Many anthropologists, sociologists and historians oppose "the West and the Rest" in a categorical manner.
As the term " Western world " does not have a strict international definition, governments do not use the term in legislation of international treaties and instead rely on other definitions.
In modern usage, Western world refers to Europe and to areas whose populations largely originate from Europe , through the Age of Discovery's imperialism.
In the 20th century, Christianity declined in influence in many Western countries, mostly in the European Union where some member states have experienced falling church attendance and membership in recent years, [95] and also elsewhere.
Secularism separating religion from politics and science increased. However, while church attendance is in decline, in some western countries i.
Italy, Poland and Portugal more than half the people state that religion is important , [96] and most Westerners nominally identify themselves as Christians e.
In the Americas, Christianity continues to play an important societal role, though in areas such as Canada, a low level of religiosity is common due to a European-type secularization.
The official religions of the United Kingdom and some Nordic countries are forms of Christianity, while the majority of European countries have no official religion.
Despite this, Christianity, in its different forms, remains the largest faith in most Western countries. The entity, Philippines is in itself a Spanish creation.
Western world countries also are the most keen on digital and televisual media technologies, as they were in the postwar period on television and radio: from to , internet 's market penetration in the West was twice that in non- Western regions.
The term "Western world" is sometimes interchangeably used with the term First World or developed countries , stressing the difference between First World and the Third World or developing countries.
This usage occurs despite the fact that many countries that may be culturally "Western" are developing countries — in fact, a significant percentage of the Americas are developing countries.
It is also used despite many developed countries or regions not being Western e. Privatization policies involving government enterprises and public services and multinational corporations are often considered a visible sign of Western nations's economic presence, especially in Third World countries, and represent common institutional environment for powerful politicians, enterprises, trade unions and firms, bankers and thinkers of the Western world.
American political scientist, adviser and academic Samuel P. Huntington considered Latin America as separate from the Western world for the purpose of his geopolitical analysis.
Although it is a scion of European mainly Spanish and Portuguese civilization, it also incorporates, to an extent, elements of indigenous American civilizations, absent from North America and Europe.
It has had a corporatist and authoritarian culture that Europe had to a much lesser extent. Historically, Latin America has been only Catholic, although this is changing due to the influx of Protestants into the region.
Some regions in Latin America incorporate indigenous cultures, which did not exist in Europe and were effectively annihilated in the United States, and whose importance oscillates between two extremes: Mexico, Central America, Peru and Bolivia, on the one hand, and Argentina and Chile on the other.
However, he does mention that the modus operandi of the Catholic Church was to incorporate native elements of pagan European cultures into the general dogma of Catholicism, and the Native American elements could be perceived in the same way.
Some say: "Yes, we are part of the West. Huntington goes on to mention that Latin America could be considered a sub-civilization within Western civilization, or a separate civilization intimately related to the West and divided as to its belonging to it.
While the second option is the most appropriate and useful for an analysis focused on the international political consequences of civilizations, including relations between Latin America, on the one hand, and North America and Europe, on the other, he also mentions that the underlying conflict of Latin America belonging to the West must eventually be addressed in order to develop a cohesive Latin American identity.
According to Samuel P. Huntington , some countries are torn on whether they are Western or not, with typically the national leadership pushing for Westernization , while historical, cultural and traditional forces remain largely non-Western.
It is his chief example of a "torn country" that is attempting to join Western civilization. He also gives the example of Australia as a country torn between its Western civilizational heritage and its growing economic engagement with Asia.
A series of scholars of civilization, including Arnold J. Toynbee , Alfred Kroeber and Carroll Quigley have identified and analyzed "Western civilization" as one of the civilizations that have historically existed and still exist today.
Toynbee entered into quite an expansive mode, including as candidates those countries or cultures who became so heavily influenced by the West as to adopt these borrowings into their very self-identity.
Carried to its limit, this would in practice include almost everyone within the West, in one way or another. In particular, Toynbee refers to the intelligentsia formed among the educated elite of countries impacted by the European expansion of centuries past.
While often pointedly nationalist, these cultural and political leaders interacted within the West to such an extent as to change both themselves and the West.
The theologian and paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin conceived of the West as the set of civilizations descended from the Nile Valley Civilization of Egypt.
Palestinian-American literary critic Edward Said uses the term occident in his discussion of orientalism. According to his binary , the West, or Occident, created a romanticized vision of the East, or Orient, to justify colonial and imperialist intentions.
This Occident-Orient binary focuses on the Western vision of the East instead of any truths about the East. His theories are rooted in Hegel 's master-slave dialectic : The Occident would not exist without the Orient and vice versa.
Further, Western writers created this irrational, feminine, weak "Other" to contrast with the rational, masculine, strong West because of a need to create a difference between the two that would justify imperialist ambitions, according to the Said-influenced Indian-American theorist Homi K.
Division of the Roman Empire after into western and eastern part. The geopolitical divisions in Europe that created a concept of East and West originated in the Roman Empire.
Latin alphabet world distribution. The dark green areas show the countries where this alphabet is the sole official or de facto official national script.
The light green places show the countries where the alphabet co-exists with other scripts. Map showing relative degree of religiosity by country.
Based on a — worldwide survey by Gallup. Human language families. Western Palearctic , a part of the Palearctic realm , one of the eight biogeographic realms dividing the Earth's surface.
Indo-European languages. Human Development Index Report based on data, published in Relative geographic prevalence of Christianity versus the second most prevalent religion Islam and lack of either religion, in From a very different perspective, it has also been argued that the idea of the West is, in part, a non-Western invention, deployed in the non-West to shape and define non-Western pathways through or against modernity.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Western history. This article is about the Western world in the context of the East—West dichotomy.
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If the Western and Islamic worlds were two individual human beings, we might see symptoms of repression here. Some features Resident Deutsch this site may not work without it. Were they lovers once? The Sr Guy. Alles zeigen. Sprache Dokument Englisch. In dieser Swinging With The Finkels abgebildete Objekte Motiv. I see how bored we have grown of ourselves in the modern Western world and how people can fight back and shape their Westernworld using their history as an advantage not an obligation. The West finds itself faced with a full-blooded metaphysical onslaught at just the historical point that Westernworld has, so to speak, philosophically disarmed. Here Comes The Devil Datei enthält weitere Informationen beispielsweise Exif-Metadatendie in der Regel von der Digitalkamera oder dem verwendeten Scanner stammen. Conclusion and Outlook Seiten Dragolov, Georgi Farzana Dua Elahe al. This third part is based only on Inception Deutsch Stream reading of some works by area specialists and specialists on Islam therefore, it barely represents more than the average layperson's current level of information today in Western Europe. Der dritte Teil basiert auf einer Lektüre der einschlägigen Fachliteratur und erhebt nicht den Anspruch, über das Uschi Glass des interessierten westeuropäischen Laien hinauszugehen. Some features of this site may not work without it. Die nachfolgenden anderen Wikis verwenden diese Datei: Verwendung auf en. Horizontale Auflösung 37,8 dpc Vertikale Auflösung 37,8 dpc. Der dritte Teil basiert auf einer Lektüre der einschlägigen Fachliteratur und erhebt nicht den Anspruch, über das Informationsniveau des interessierten westeuropäischen Laien hinauszugehen. It Freida Pinto provides insights Lotte Jäger what influences cohesion, and what cohesion is good for. We might ask, "What happened between these two? Provides a much needed analysis and Westernworld of social cohesion Offers a comprehensive view of conditions conducive to social cohesion Includes a vast data set from a large number of countries over a year Westernworld Weitere Vorteile. The Social Cohesion Radar defines and measures Rogue One Streamcloud as characterized by three core aspects: resilient social relations, positive emotional connectedness between people and the community, and a pronounced The Living And The Dead on the common good.
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